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Most of the countries with the lowest rates of contraceptive use, highest maternal, infant, and child mortality rates, and highest fertility rates are in Africa.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CBRT.IN/countries?display=map )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CONU.ZS/countries?display=map )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.STA.MMRT/countries?display=map )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN/countries?display=map )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.DYN.MORT/countries?display=map )〕 Approximately 30% of all women use birth control, although over half of all African women would like to use birth control if it were available.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=World Health Organization )〕 The main problems that prevent access to and use of birth control are unavailability, poor health care services, spousal disapproval, religious concerns, and misinformation about the effects of birth control.〔 The most available type of birth control is condoms. There is evidence that increased use of family planning methods decreases maternal and infant mortality rates, improves quality of life for mothers, and stimulates economic development. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.who.int/pmnch/media/news/2012/20120627_family_planning_summit/en/index8.html )〕 Both public policies and cultural attitudes play a role in birth control prevalence.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ )〕 ==Prevalence== In Africa, 53% of women of reproductive age have an unmet need for modern contraception.〔 Rwanda and Uganda have the highest unmet need for contraception rates. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.UWT.TFRT?display=map )〕 According to a study done by Nwachukwu and Obasi in Nigeria in 2008, modern birth control methods were used by 30% of respondents. Namibia, with a contraception use rate of 46% in 2006-07, has one of the highest rates in Africa, while Senegal with a rate of 8.7% in 2005 has one of the lowest rates.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/4/BLT-10-083329-table-T1.html )〕 In Sub-Saharan Africa, extreme poverty, lack of access to birth control, and restrictive abortion laws cause about 3% of women to have unsafe abortions. South Africa, Botswana, and Zimbabwe have successful family planning programs, but other central and southern African countries continue to encounter difficulties in achieving higher contraceptive prevalence and lower fertility rates. Contraceptive use among women in Sub-Saharan Africa has risen from about 5% in 1991 to about 30% in 2006. Socioeconomic class constitutes an inequity in relation to mortality and morbidity. The disparity between the rich and poor in the use of contraception has remained the same despite overall improvements in socioeconomic status and expansion of family planning services. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Birth control in Africa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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